Amsterdam’s district heating programme was started in the early 1990’s. In 2005, the Amsterdam City Council passed a resolution to expand district heating except where not feasible due to location specific considerations. This means that, in principle, all new construction projects are connected to the district heating system. The reduction in CO2 emissions amounts to 50% to 80%. The system is growing at a rate of around 4,000 consumers a year. In 2010, there were 50,000 consumers. The plan is to have 100,000 consumers in 2020. Further expansion is possible by connecting existing buildings. The City of Amsterdam and NUON are cooperating in a joint venture known as WPW (Westpoort Warmte) to further expand the district heating system. At the same time, NUON introduced a large-scale collective district cooling system. The deep lakes around Amsterdam are used as the source of cold. This system reduces CO2 emissions by 75% and avoids the use harmful cooling fluids. This system is only possible if the source (deep water) and the consumers (offices) are located close to each other. At the present time, two projects are in operation in Amsterdam’s Zuidas and Amsterdam South-East.